Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we diet: Effects of anticipated deprivation on food intake in restrained and unrestrained eaters.

Central Asia - Uzbek with embroidery machine, UzbekistanColorVolume 136, Page 1

Propositional Dynamic Logic with Converse and Repeat for Message-Passing Systems

The model checking problem for propositional dynamic logic (PDL) over message sequence charts (MSCs) and communicating finite state machines (CFMs) asks, given a channel bound $B$, a PDL formula $\varphi$ and a CFM $\mathcal{C}$, whether every existentially $B$-bounded MSC $M$ accepted by $\mathcal{C}$ satisfies $\varphi$. Recently, it was shown that this problem is PSPACE-complete. In the present work, we consider CRPDL over MSCs which is PDL equipped with the operators converse and repeat. The former enables one to walk back and forth within an MSC using a single path expression whereas the latter allows to express that a path expression can be repeated infinitely often. To solve the model checking problem for this logic, we define message sequence chart automata (MSCAs) which are multi-way alternating parity automata walking on MSCs. By exploiting a new concept called concatenation states, we are able to inductively construct, for every CRPDL formula $\varphi$, an MSCA precisely accepting the set of models of $\varphi$. As a result, we obtain that the model checking problem for CRPDL and CFMs is still in PSPACE

Fluorescence Tomography Characterization for Sub-Surface Imaging with Protoporphyrin IX

Optical imaging of fluorescent objects embedded in a tissue simulating medium was characterized using non-contact based approaches to fluorescence remittance imaging (FRI) and sub-surface fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT). Using Protoporphyrin IX as a fluorescent agent, experiments were performed on tissue phantoms comprised of typical in-vivo tumor to normal tissue contrast ratios, ranging from 3.5:1 up to 10:1. It was found that tomographic imaging was able to recover interior inclusions with high contrast relative to the background; however, simple planar fluorescence imaging provided a superior contrast to noise ratio. Overall, FRI performed optimally when the object was located on or close to the surface and, perhaps most importantly, FDOT was able to recover specific depth information about the location of embedded regions. The results indicate that an optimal system for localizing embedded fluorescent regions should combine fluorescence reflectance imaging for high sensitivity and sub-surface tomography for depth detection, thereby allowing more accurate localization in all three directions within the tissue

Chorioamnionitis: Association of Nonreassuring Fetal Heart-rate Patterns and Interval From Diagnosis to Delivery on Neonatal Outcome

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether selected fetal heart-rate (FHR) patterns and the interval from diagnosis to delivery in pregnancies complicated by chorioamnionitis could predict neonatal outcome

Catalyzing Remote Collaboration During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Early Career Oceanographers Adopt Hybrid Open Science Framework

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced many challenges for research scientists: reduction of lab and field observation collection and in-person meetings. These new constraints forced researchers to remote work and virtual networking, dramatically influencing scientific inquiry. Such challenges are compounded for those in early stages of their career, where data collection and networking are vital to be seen as productive. However, during this trying time of remote work, we, as a collective of early-career oceanographers, were actively developing and improving on an already-existent hybrid community of practice. Through our experiences, we believe this type of framework can enhance virtual collaboration to the point that it outlasts the pandemic and helps create new synergies that will diversify and enhance scientific inquiry within the ocean science community. We describe a hybrid community of practice and an example workflow that models effective collaboration. We have found that three components to this model are necessary for effective collaboration, inspiration, and communication: 1) openly accessible data, 2) software, computational, and professional-development resources, and 3) a team science approach. In our experience, both the in-person and remote aspects of the model are important. In person collaboration is key to expanding the community of practice and invigorating those already within the community. Remote collaboration has been critical for effective collaborations between in-person activities and has proven to maximize outputs during in-person collaborations. While the three components of this model are not new to the scientific community, we believe that utilizing them strategically post-pandemic will diversify and expand scientific collaboration in oceanography

Heart and en-bloc thymus transplantation in miniature swine

BackgroundDonor-specific tolerance to organ allografts might be induced by cotransplantation of a sufficient amount of vascularized donor thymus. To facilitate donor thymus-induced cardiac allograft tolerance, we have developed a novel technique for heart and en-bloc thymus transplantation in swine.MethodsDonor heart and en-bloc thymus grafts were prepared by a technique that preserves the entire arterial supply and venous drainage of the right thymic lobe. En-bloc grafts (n = 4) were transplanted heterotopically into the abdomens of major histocompatibility complex-matched miniature swine. Recipients received 12 days of cyclosporine intravenously. Grafts were monitored by palpation, electrocardiographic monitoring, and periodic open biopsy. Engraftment of the donor thymus was demonstrated by measuring the proportion of recipient-type thymocytes in the donor thymus with flow cytometry.ResultsAll of the heart and en-bloc thymus grafts had normal cardiac contractility and immediate perfusion of the thymus. All en-bloc grafts were accepted for more than 200 days without significant acute cellular rejection or cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Thymic tissue of en-bloc grafts displayed normal architecture and supported thymopoiesis of recipient-type cells.ConclusionWe have validated a new technique of donor thymus transplantation that could have utility in human heart transplantation

Observation of the hyperfine transition in lithium-like Bismuth 209Bi80+^{209}\text{Bi}^{80+}: Towards a test of QED in strong magnetic fields

We performed a laser spectroscopic determination of the $2s$ hyperfine splitting (HFS) of Li-like $^{209}\text{Bi}^{80+}$ and repeated the measurement of the $1s$ HFS of H-like $^{209}\text{Bi}^{82+}$. Both ion species were subsequently stored in the Experimental Storage Ring at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum f\"ur Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt and cooled with an electron cooler at a velocity of $\approx 0.71\,c$. Pulsed laser excitation of the $M1$ hyperfine-transition was performed in anticollinear and collinear geometry for $\text{Bi}^{82+}$ and $\text{Bi}^{80+}$, respectively, and observed by fluorescence detection. We obtain $\Delta E^{(1s)}= 5086.3(11)\,\textrm{meV}$ for $\text{Bi}^{82+}$, different from the literature value, and $\Delta E^{(2s)}= 797.50(18)\,\textrm{meV}$ for $\text{Bi}^{80+}$. These values provide experimental evidence that a specific difference between the two splitting energies can be used to test QED calculations in the strongest static magnetic fields available in the laboratory independent of nuclear structure effects. The experimental result is in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction and confirms the sum of the Dirac term and the relativistic interelectronic-interaction correction at a level of 0.5% confirming the importance of accounting for the Breit interaction.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Isotope Shift Measurements of Stable and Short-Lived Lithium Isotopes for Nuclear Charge Radii Determination

Changes in the mean-square nuclear charge radii along the lithium isotopic chain were determined using a combination of precise isotope shift measurements and theoretical atomic structure calculations. Nuclear charge radii of light elements are of high interest due to the appearance of the nuclear halo phenomenon in this region of the nuclear chart. During the past years we have developed a new laser spectroscopic approach to determine the charge radii of lithium isotopes which combines high sensitivity, speed, and accuracy to measure the extremely small field shift of an 8 ms lifetime isotope with production rates on the order of only 10,000 atoms/s. The method was applied to all bound isotopes of lithium including the two-neutron halo isotope Li-11 at the on-line isotope separators at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany and at TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada. We describe the laser spectroscopic method in detail, present updated and improved values from theory and experiment, and discuss the results.Comment: 34 pages, 24 figures, 14 table

Subcutaneous Tissue: To Suture or Not to Suture at Cesarean Section

Objective: The null hypothesis for this investigation was that there was no difference in the frequency of wound disruption between women who had their subcutaneous tissues approximated with suture and those who did not during cesarean section